10.5.21
23.2.21
6.2.21
Figurative language 2.
Simile is the rhetorical term that compares things using words like "like" or "as."
e.g.
You were as brave as a lion.
A metaphor is the rhetorical tool that we use to compare things or people but without using comparison words.
e.g.
The snow is a white blanket.
Synecdoche is a form of metaphor, which in a single word is represented a whole action.
e.g.
The word "head" can refer to counting cattle or people.
Metonymy is similar to synecdoche; it's a form of metaphor that associates two concepts in a phrase.
e.g.
“Pen” and “sword”
A symbol is a simile or a metaphor without the first term, in other words, y something simbolyzing something.
e.g.
"My Heart Leaps Up When I Behold" by William Wordsworth
Allegory is a correspondance of a serie of ideas presented as a story or narrative.
e.g.
Beatrice and Virgil by Yann Martel is an allegory for the monumental pain and suffering experienced by victims of the Holocaust.
Personification is when you treat abstractions or inanimate objects as humans.
e.g.
Lightning danced across the sky.
Irony normally is when something is expressed through words that carry the opposite meaning.
e.g.
A pilot has a fear of heights
9.Paradox is a literal contradiction of terms or situations.
e.g.
Deep down, you're really shallow.
WORD SOUNDS (USED IN POETRY)
They are common types of sounds in words that emphasize individual sounds between and within them:
Alliteration:
The repetition of initial sounds on the same line or stanza -
e.g.
"Three grey geese in a green field grazing. Grey were the geese and green was the grazing."
- "Three Grey Geese," Mother Goose
Assonance: The repetition of vowel sounds (anywhere in the middle or end of a verse or stanza) -
e.g.
"Hear the mellow wedding bells" by Edgar Allen Poe
Consonance: Is the repetition of consonant sounds in a verse.
e.g.
"Zach sneezed when he heard jazz music."
Onomatopoeia: Is when you write sounds.
e.g.
Boom! Crash! Pow! Quack! Moo!
Repetition: the repetition of entire lines or phrases to emphasize a structure, and idea or a feeling.
e.g.
O Captain! My Captain! – Walt Witman
O
Captain! My Captain! Rise up and hear the bells;
Rise up – for
you the flag is flung- for you the bugle trills….
Parallel Stucture: A form of repetition where the order of verbs and nouns is repeated, it is a structure repetition.
e.g.
Either she likes to see him or she doesn't like to see him.
5.2.21
Elements of a poem.
STANZAS: Stanzas are lines of text (verses) grouped together and separated from other stanzas. They are the equivalent of a paragraph in an essay. We can identify them counting the number of lines according to the following list:
couplet (2 lines)
tercet (3 lines)
quatrain (4 lines)
cinquain (5 lines)
sestet (6 lines)
septet (7 lines)
octave (8 lines)
FORM: A poem
may or may not have a specific number of lines, rhyme scheme and/or
metrical pattern, but it can mannage
an
style.
The three most common types of poems are:
1. Lyric Poetry: It has one speaker (not necessarily the poet) and expresses strong thoughts and feelings.
2. Narrative Poem: It tells a story; its structure is like the plot line of a short story.
3. Descriptive Poem: It is a poem that describes a lot what it is talking about, using several adjectives.
Here we have somekinds of poems according to the form and style.
Ode: It is usually a lyric poem of moderate length, with a serious subject, an elevated style.
Elegy: It is a lyric poem that talks about someone that is dead, laments the reason for the death and then concludes that death leads to immortality.
Sonnet: It is a lyric poem consisting of 14 lines and, in the English version, is usually written in iambic pentameter.
Ballad: It is a narrative poem that has a musical rhythm and can be a song.
Epic: It is a long narrative poem abaut an historical hero.
Haiku: It is a Japanese poem that has an unrhymed verse form having three lines (a tercet) and usually 5,7,5 syllables, respectively.
Limerick: It is a humorous poem composed of five lines (a cinquain), in an aabba rhyming pattern
12.1.21
Literary Genres
All Fiction
Drama
Texts composed in verse or prose, normally used for representations for theater performance, where conflicts and emotions are strong, deep and get the audience in full attention because of the writing style.
Fable
Story with animals as characters and a moral value as a center to show and teach.
Fairy Tale
Story about fairies or other magical creatures, just for fun or entertainment.
Fantasy
Fiction stories with strange scenarios and settings that represent life in other worlds or eras that are not real.
Fiction
Style that goes with things that are not real and leads to the imagination of the reader.
Fiction in Verse
Novels with plot, themes, characters, in which the narrative is presented in verse.
Folklore
Songs, stories, myths, and proverbs of people, tows, cities are called "folk", all that in words.
Historical Fiction
Story with fictional characters and events in a historical setting.
Horror
Fiction in which events evoke fear feelings in both the characters and the reader.
Humor
Texts of fun stories meant to entertain.
Legend
Stories of important people that goes beyond reality in order to show them as very important people, some kind of heroes and also includes imaginative material.
Mystery
Fiction full of mysteries and secrets surrounding the characters..
Mythology
Legend or traditional narrative that normally tells the life and adventures of gods.
Poetry
Verse and rhythmic writing with imagery that usually is used to share feelings.
Realistic Fiction
Story that can actually happen but it is false in real life.
Science Fiction
Story based on impact of potential science, usually set in the future or on other planets or galaxies.
Short Story
Fiction story shorter than a novel with introduction, body and conclusion.
Tall Tale
Humorous story with exaggerations and heroes who do the impossible.
All Nonfiction
Biography/Autobiography
Narrative of a real person's life.
Essay
A composition that shows the view point of the author.
Narrative Nonfiction
True facts presented in a format which tells a story.
Nonfiction
Literary text showing with an actual, real-life subject.
Speech
Public address or discourse.